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These formulas are considered reference material only, they are not intended for design purposes.
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Calculated Weight Per Foot
W= C (D - t) t
Where W = Weight lb/ft (Kg/m)
C = 10.69 (0.0247) for Carbon Steel, 10.93 (0.0248) for Austenitic Stainless Steel
D= Outside Diameter, in (mm)
t = Wall Thickness, in (mm)
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Cross-sectional Area
A = 3.1416 t (D – t)
Where A = Sectional Area, in2
D = Outside Diameter, inches
t = wall Thickness, inches
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Barlow’s Formula
For Theoretical Burst Pressure:
P = 2St/D
For Theoretical Working Pressure:
Divide theoretical Burst by 4
For Theoretical Yield Pressure:
Replace S with Y
For Determining Allowable Tube Wall Stress for Hydrostatic Test
s = PD/2t
Where P = Pressure in psi,
S = Minimum Product Tensile Strength
t = Wall Thickness, in
D = Outside Diameter, in
Y = Minimum Product Yield Strength
s = Tube Wall Stress Produced by Internal Hydrostatic Pressure
Determined theoretical burst and working pressure should be de-rated for
welded tube and elevated temperatures. Consult the ASME Pressure
Vessel Code for specific information.
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Moment of Inertia
I = 0.04909 (D4 – d4)
I = Moment of Inertia
D = Outside Diameter, inches
d = Inside Diameter, inches
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Carbon Equivalent For
Weldability Rating
CE = C + (Mn/6) + (Cu+Cr/15) + (Cr+Mo+V/5)
C= Carbon
Mn= Manganese
Cu= Copper
Cr= Chromium
Mo= Molybdenum
V= Vanadium
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